Community psychology and the crisis of care.

In addition to the twinned crises of ecology and political economy, we face today a crisis of care. The crisis of care, I contend, is fundamentally a political and an ethical crisis. In this short commentary, I outline the structural (i.e., systemic) and reproductive (i.e., labour) character of this crisis, using the COVID-19 pandemic as an example. From here, I argue for the imperative to centre an expansive conception of care in critical community psychology work. Specifically, I posit that by working with and alongside activist care workers, community psychologists can assist in building socially just modalities of care. After reflecting on my work with collective caring initiatives, I offer five (tentative) guiding principles for a community psychology that is committed to addressing the crisis of care, namely: (1) commitment to building political coalitions; (2) commitment to refuting capitalist conceptions of care; (3) commitment to expanding conceptions of care; (4) commitment to embracing the psychological consequences of care work; and (5) a politicoethical commitment.

What predicts within-person variance in applied psychology constructs? An empirical examination.

The attention paid to intraindividual phenomena in applied psychology has rapidly increased during the last two decades. However, the design characteristics of studies using daily experience sampling methods and the proportion of within-person variance in the measures employed in these studies vary substantially. This raises a critical question yet to be addressed: are differences in the proportion of variance attributable to within- versus between-person factors dependent on construct-, measure-, design-, and/or sample-related characteristics? A multilevel analysis based on 1,051,808 within-person observations reported in 222 intraindividual empirical studies indicated that decisions about what to study (construct type), how to study it (measurement and design characteristics), and from whom to obtain the data (sample characteristics) predicted the proportion of variance attributable to within-person factors. We conclude with implications and recommendations for those conducting and reviewing applied intraindividual research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

The accuracy of dominance analysis as a metric to assess relative importance: The joint impact of sampling error variance and measurement unreliability.

Dominance analysis (DA) has been established as a useful tool for practitioners and researchers to identify the relative importance of predictors in a linear regression. This article examines the joint impact of two common and pervasive artifacts-sampling error variance and measurement unreliability-on the accuracy of DA. We present Monte Carlo simulations that detail the decrease in the accuracy of DA in the presence of these artifacts, highlighting the practical extent of the inferential mistakes that can be made. Then, we detail and provide a user-friendly program in R (R Core Team, 2017) for estimating the effects of sampling error variance and unreliability on DA. Finally, by way of a detailed example, we provide specific recommendations for how researchers and practitioners should more appropriately interpret and report results of DA. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Supporting and enhancing scientific rigor.

The purpose of this editorial is to provide an update on recent, ongoing, and new practices the Journal of Applied Psychology has implemented to further support and enhance scientific rigor. In line with the previous editorial, the practices discussed in the following text broadly seek to enhance scientific rigor and transparency in the empirical research published by providing the reader sufficient information needed to verify the accuracy and validity of study findings and inferences and enable the accumulation of knowledge through replications and extensions of primary research as well as meta-analyses. (PsycINFO Database Record

Verbal, Visual, and Intermediary Support for Child Witnesses with Autism During Investigative Interviews.

Three promising investigative interview interventions were assessed in 270 children (age 6-11 years): 71 with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 199 who were typically developing (TD). Children received 'Verbal Labels', 'Sketch Reinstatement of Context' or 'Registered Intermediary' interviews designed to improve interview performance without decreasing accuracy. Children with ASD showed no increases in the number of correct details recalled for any of the three interview types (compared to a Best-Practice police interview), whereas TD children showed significant improvements in the Registered Intermediary and Verbal Labels interviews. Findings suggested that children with ASD can perform as well as TD children in certain types of investigative interviews, but some expected benefits (e.g., of Registered Intermediaries) were not apparent in this study.

Función y limitaciones del pronóstico en la evaluación diagnóstica en el ámbito de la psicología clínica / Role and limitations of prognosis in clinical diagnosis in the field of clinical psychology

El pronóstico, junto con el diagnóstico/evaluación psicológica y el tratamiento, es uno de los pilares de la psicología clínica. Entre los primeros temas que se plantean cuando se le diagnostica a una persona un trastorno mental es si el trastorno puede tratarse con éxito, el curso probable y las posibilidades de recuperación. En este artículo se plantea la necesidad y utilidad clínica de hacer predicciones sobre el pronóstico, así como el soporte empírico de los juicios pronósticos. El objetivo del estudio es describir las variables relevantes para la precisión del pronóstico en la práctica cotidiana de la psicología clínica y señalar los pasos a dar para su formulación. Por último, se analizan los sesgos cognitivos más habituales de los clínicos a la hora de hacer pronósticos con el objetivo de minimizarlos en la medida de lo posible. Se desarrollan algunas sugerencias para la investigación futura

The prognosis, along with diagnosis and treatment, is one of the strongest pillars of clinical psychology. Among the first questions often asked when a person is diagnosed with a mental disorder is whether this disorder can be treated successfully, the likely course, and the chances of recovery. This paper poses the need and clinical utility of making predictions about prognosis, as well as its empirical support. The purpose of this study was to describe the relevant variables for the accuracy of prognostic judgments in the day-to-day practice of clinical psychology and to point out the steps to be taken in formulating the prognosis. Finally, the possible biases of clinical psychologists are considered in order to minimize and, insofar as possible, to correct them. Suggestions for future research are outlined

Nuestra profesión vital / Our vital profession

De vez en cuando es útil que recordemos el papel vital que juega el psicoanálisis en ayudar a nuestros pacientes a volver a obtener lo que es básico para su humanidad. Al mismo tiempo, la vitalidad de nuestros métodos puede verse en los importantes cambios de paradigma en el método psicoanalítico que se dieron en los últimos cuarenta años. En nuestra continua búsqueda de ayudar a los pacientes a encontrar o reencontrar el núcleo de lo que significa ser humano, este trabajo explora los múltiples cambios de paradigma en el método psicoanalítico que forman un nuevo terreno común entre perspectivas notablemente diversas. Esto lleva a visiones nuevas sobre: cómo escuchamos e interpretamos, los objetivos del tratamiento y cómo se produce el cambio. Esto no es para subestimar las diferencias significativas que existen entre diferentes escuelas de pensamiento. Un desafío clave para nuestro crecimiento individual, colectivo es la dificultad en comprometemos con el conocimiento en permanente expansión planteado por diferentes perspectivas (AU)

Occasionally it is useful to remind ourselves of the vital role psychoanalysis plays in helping our patients regain what is basic to their humanity. At the same time the vitality of our methods can be seen in important paradigm changes in the psychoanalytic method in the last forty years. In our continual search to help patients find, or re-find the core of what it means to be human, this paper explores multiple paradigm changes in the psychoanalytic method that form a new common ground amongst seemingly diverse perspectives. This leads to fresh views of: how we listen and interpret; the goals of treatment; and how change takes place. This is not to underestimate that significant differences exist amongst schools of thought. A key challenge to our individual and collective growth is the difficulty in engaging with the ever-expanding knowledge posed by different perspectives (AU)

Discusión del trabajo. "Nuestra profesión vital", de Fred Busch / No disponible

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Entre pasado y futuro: hacer el presente. Entre presente y pasado: hacer el futuro / Between past and future: making the present. Between and present and past: making the future

La discordancia entre presente, pasado y futuro pone en evidencia los múltiples significados otorgados al futuro, algo como un estado de espera («Cuando sea grande», «Cuando me jubile» o «Siempre va pasar o mismo») en cuanto sostén del presente, obstáculo, depósito de ilusiones o creador de nuevas historias. Cabe preguntamos cuándo el futuro se inscribe en una temporalidad lineal o circular, la de Cronos, y cuándo concierne al puro presente, que abre derroteros insospechados: la temporalidad de Aión y la del tiempo justo, la de Kairós. La relación analítica facilita el acceso a un mundo pasado, representacional, en que el analista es sujeto-objeto de la transferencia, y, a vez, al mundo presentacional, en el cual aquel es sujeto de una relaión entre dos que no tiene historia. La sesión es un espacio en el que convivirán las relaciones de objeto -de repetición transformada- y las relaciones nacidas del efecto de presente, del hacer entre dos: de la pura sorpresa. Representación y presentación son dos términos que corresponden a diferentes lógicas. Se revisan algunas consecuencias técnicas clínicas de esta propuesta teórica: el uso de interpretaciones e intervenciones basadas tanto en procesos asociativos como en lo atribuido la conectividad (AU)

The discrepancy between present, past, and future calls attention on the manifold meanings given to the future ("When I grow up", «"When I retire", "Everything will always be the same") as support for the present, obstacle, repository for illusions, or creator of new stories. We should identify when the future is inscribed in a linear or circular temporality, the temporality of Chronos, and when it concerns the pure present, which opens unsuspected paths - the temporality of Aion and that of the right time, or Kairos. The analytic relationship facilitates access both to a past representational world where the analyst is subject-object of the transference, and to the presentational world, in which the analyst is the subject of a relationship between two and which has no history. In the space of the session coexist object relations (stemming from transformed repetition) and those relations that result from doing between two, from pure surprise. Representation and presentation correspond to different logics. Some technical and clinical consequences of this theoretical shift are reviewed, namely, the use of interventions based both on associative processes and on connectivity (AU)

Test development and use in five Iberian Latin American countries.

The abundance of scholarship on test development and use generally is higher in English-speaking than in Iberian Latin American countries. The purpose of this article is to help overcome this imbalance by describing and identifying similarities and differences in test development and use in two Iberian (Portugal and Spain) and three of the largest Latin American (Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela) countries. The stages of test development in each country, roles of professional associations, presence of standards for test use, professionals' educational training, commonly used tests, together with prominent challenges to continued progress are discussed. Test development and use in these five countries are transitioning from a dependence on the use of translated tests to greater reliance on adapted and finally nationally constructed tests. Continued growth requires adherence to international standards guiding test development and use. Stronger alliance among professional associations in the Iberian Latin American countries could serve as a catalyst to promote test development in these regions.

Miedo y habilidades sociales en el contexto pluricultural de Ceuta / No disponible

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental conocer los tipos, niveles y relaciones del Miedo y las Habilidades Sociales del alumnado de la ciudad de Ceuta. Se contó con 1186 participantes, de 9 centros educativos distintos, que reflejan la pluriculturalidad de la ciudad; de los cuales, el 57’8% son niñas y el 42’2% varones, y el 58’9% de cultura/ religión musulmana y el 41’1% cristianos. Como instrumentos de evaluación se emplearon la adaptación de Ascensio, Vila, Robles-García, Páez, Fresán y Vázquez (2012) del Inventario de Miedo para Niños (FSSC-II) y la de Matesanz (2006) del Inventario de Temores (FSS), junto con la EHS (Escala de Habilidades Sociales, Gismero, 2000). Los resultados reflejan niveles medios de Miedo y medio-altos en las Habilidades Sociales, influyendo en ellas las sociodemográficas de edad, sexo, cultura/religión y estatus socio-económico-cultural. Existe relación entre Miedo y las Habilidades Sociales, aumentado estas últimas a medida que descienden las puntuaciones en Miedo

The main objective of this paper is to reflect the types and levels of Fear and Social Skills, and the influence over each other, of students in the city of Ceuta. We focused on 1186 participants from 9 different educational institutions; 42.2% are boys and 57.8% girls; 58.9% are Muslims and 41.1% Christians. The techniques used in this survey are Fear Survey Schedule for Children (FSSC-II), adapted for its use in the Spanish language by Ascensio, et al. (2012),the Matesanz, (2006) adaptation of Fear Survey Schedule, as well as the EHS (Gismero, 2000).The results show medium levels on Fear and medium-high levels on Social Skills, and they are influenced by the sociodemographic factors of age, gender, customs/religion and socioeconomic and cultural. We have also found a relationship between Fear and Social Skills

Psicologia aplicada ao contexto do exercício físico: tendências da investigação realizada na última década / Psychology applied to physical exercise: trends in research conducted during the last decade

En este estudio se analiza el contenido de la investigación publicada en el área de la psicología del ejercicio físico durante la última década. Se analizaron las comunicaciones presentadas en los principales congresos internacionales y nacionales del área de la psicología del deporte y del ejercicio físico, así como los artículos publicados en las principales revistas de referencia de la especialidad, en la última década. Con esta finalidad se usaron descriptores asociados al contexto del ejercicio físico (e.g., ejercicio, actividad física, adherencia, salud, bienestar, calidad de vida), excluyéndose los trabajos con descriptores de aplicación en el campo del deporte y de la educación física escolar. Tomando como base el número de comunicaciones presentadas y de artículos publicados, se ha comprobado que la psicología del ejercicio físico es un área de investigación que representa un tercio del total de trabajos presentados en este campo de la psicología. Así, y a pesar del creciente interés que existe por parte de los investigadores al largo de la última década, se ha podido comprobar que existe una cierta tendencia a la estabilización en el número de comunicaciones presentadas en los congresos nacionales e internacionales. Ha sido posible comprobar también que el nivel de atención prestado a esta área de conocimiento varía en función de la revista científica considerada (AU)

This study aims to analyze the contents of published research in the field of the psychology of physical exercise during the last decade. For this purpose, papers presented at major national and international conferences on the subject of the psychology of sport and exercise were analysed, together with articles published in major journals in this field during the last decade. To this end, associated descriptors were used associated with physical activity (e.g. exercise, physical activity, health, wellbeing, quality of life), excluding papers with descriptors applied to the fields of sport and physical education in schools. Based on the number of papers presented at events and specialist articles published in scientific journals, we found that the psychology of exercise represents about one third of all papers presented in this field of psychology. Despite the growing interest that has been identified during the last decade, there has been a certain levelling out in the number of papers presented at national and international congresses. It was also possible to verify that the level of attention given to this branch of knowledge varies depending (AU)

Treatment development: can we find a better way?

The present paper argues that traditional approaches to treatment development, including a technological approach, a stage model, and existing inductive approaches such as functional analysis are inadequate in various ways. Treatment developing needs to focus more on theoretical development, practicality, and the fit with clients and practitioners. We argue that progress requires greater philosophical clarity, and steps to ensure a connection between philosophy of science assumptions and an analytic agenda which fits naturally with applied psychology. Theoretical progress requires distinguishing between clinical and basic models and harmonizing their relationship, and more focus on the manipulable context of action. Applied psychology needs to join in a common cause with basic psychology in domains of mutual interest, and develop basic analyses and mid-level terms that can be both scientifically progressive and clinically useful. Issues of practicality, capacity for dissemination, and public health impact need to be considered at the beginning and throughout treatment development. Issues of effectiveness, change processes, mediation, moderation, training, active components, and similar issues should be part of the evaluation system from the beginning. It is time to create a more coherent approach to treatment innovation.

The perceived stress scale (PSS): normative data and factor structure for a large-scale sample in Mexico

One of the most widely used scales for the evaluation of stress is the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and it has been adapted into different languages. However, few studies have presented normative data from large samples, and there do not appear to be any studies of the PSS that provide normative data based on large samples for Mexico. Thus, the goal of this study was to provide normative data regarding gender and different age groups for a sample of 1990 Mexican subjects to validate the factor structure of the construct for this sample. The analysis of the 10- and 14-item versions of the PSS revealed that the scale had adequate reliability and that the factor structure was consistent with previous studies. With respect to the normative data, the means of the different groups ranged from 20.93 to 25.63 for the PSS14 and from 14.52 to 17.73 for the PSS10. We propose that scores within one standard deviation of these means be used as reference values for each group (AU)

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Ethical clinical practice and sport psychology: when two worlds collide.

From their own practices, the authors offer insight into potential ethical dilemmas that may frequently develop in an applied psychology setting in which sport psychology is also being practiced. Specific ethical situations offered for the reader's consideration include confidentiality with coaches, administration, parents, and athlete-clients; accountability in ethical billing practices and accurate diagnosing; identification of ethical boundaries in nontraditional practice settings (locker room, field, rink, etc.); and establishment of professional competence as it relates to professional practice and marketing.

Ethical issues in exercise psychology.

Exercise psychology encompasses the disciplines of psychiatry, clinical and counseling psychology, health promotion, and the movement sciences. This emerging field involves diverse mental health issues, theories, and general information related to physical activity and exercise. Numerous research investigations across the past 20 years have shown both physical and psychological benefits from physical activity and exercise. Exercise psychology offers many opportunities for growth while positively influencing the mental and physical health of individuals, communities, and society. However, the exercise psychology literature has not addressed ethical issues or dilemmas faced by mental health professionals providing exercise psychology services. This initial discussion of ethical issues in exercise psychology is an important step in continuing to move the field forward. Specifically, this article will address the emergence of exercise psychology and current health behaviors and offer an overview of ethics and ethical issues, education/training and professional competency, cultural and ethnic diversity, multiple-role relationships and conflicts of interest, dependency issues, confidentiality and recording keeping, and advertisement and self-promotion.

Transportability of multisystemic therapy: evidence for multilevel influences.

This study examines factors associated with the implementation and short-term outcomes in dissemination sites of Multisystemic Therapy (MST), an intensive, short-term, family- and community-based treatment for serious antisocial behavior in youth. Participants were 666 children and families served by 217 therapists in 39 sites. Pre- (T1) to immediate posttreatment (T2) differences in child problems and functioning were similar in magnitude to those found in randomized trials of MST. Results of random effects regression supported direct effects of therapist adherence, organizational climate, and structure at baseline on immediate posttreatment child outcomes. However, organizational factors were unrelated to adherence; thus, a hypothesized mediation model in which organizational climate and structure affect outcomes through therapist adherence to MST was not supported. Furthermore, the direction of associations between some organizational climate variables and outcomes countered expectations. Post hoc moderation analyses clarify these findings, with organizational effects differing by level of therapist adherence during treatment. Implications for the transfer of evidence-based psychosocial treatments for youth to usual care practice settings are discussed.